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phase qubit
The phase qubit is a superconducting device based on the superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) Josephson junction, designed to operate as a quantum bit, or qubit. The phase qubit is closely related, yet distinct from, the flux qubit and the charge qubit, which are also quantum bits implemented by superconducting devices. A phase qubit coupled to a piezoelectric mechanical resonator was used to create the world's first quantum machine.
== Introduction ==
A phase qubit is a current-biased Josephson junction, operated in the zero voltage state with a non-zero current bias. A Josephson junction is a tunnel junction, made of two pieces of superconducting metal separated by a very thin insulating barrier, about 1 nm in thickness. The barrier is thin enough that electrons, or in the superconducting state, Cooper-paired electrons, can tunnel through the barrier at an appreciable rate. Each of the superconductors that make up the Josephson junction is described by a macroscopic wavefunction, as described by the Ginzburg-Landau theory for superconductors. The difference in the complex phases of the two superconducting wavefunctions is the most important dynamic variable for the Josephson junction, and is called the phase difference , usually just the phase for short.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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